How does I/Q modulation work?

I/Q modulation is a form of digital modulation that encodes data by modulating the amplitude, phase, or frequency of a carrier wave. It is used to represent digital information and is typically used in radio transmission and receiver systems. In I/Q modulation, each data symbol is represented by two components, the in-phase (I) and quadrature (Q) components. The I component is the cosine component, while the Q component is the sine component. The data is processed and encoded in the I/Q components, which are then combined to form a composite signal. The composite signal is then transmitted to the receiver, where it is decoded to reconstruct the original data.